Teaching And Coach For Elif Canan Was Born Of Modern...

Kemal Cem TÄ ±rak First Draft 101A 5/8/15 ELIF CANAN ONAT Her name is Elif Canan Onat. She is the Chairman of Modern Languages Department in Bahà §eÅŸehir University (BAU) Foreign Languages School. She is an asset for BAU because she has an admirable career in terms of education, skills and ability. She uses success factors such as motivation and illustration with examples, and educational methodologies to teach and coach. Her main goal is to improve her students’ understanding of life nationally and internationally. Although many academicians are only interested in their studies and thinks that they are just responsible to know their own task, she sees being an academician as a way of life with her students and studies and believes that an academician needs to be a multi-tasking person. She has an admirable career in terms of education, skills and ability. Elif Canan was born in September 16, 1967 in Ankara. She graduated from Hacettepe University in 1991. She has had a double degree from literature and education. She was employed as a translator and redactor in TRT Ankara Television. Then, she was employed as an Administrative Coordinator in Bilgi University Preparation School in 1997. She was one of the founders of Bilgi University Academic English Department in 2002. Then, she was promoted as Level Coordinator in Bilgi University between 2005 to 2007. She transferred to Bahà §eÅŸehir University as a founder of Modern Language Department in 2008. She had her Master’s

Sexism And Its Effect On Society - 2001 Words

Sexism in the society Sexism is a situation when people hold a belief which supports discrimination against one gender. It is the prejudice held by people who believe that one gender is superior to the other. In some cases, people have a belief that women are not able to fit in certain careers and perform well in certain subjects. Sexism manifests itself in different ways. To illustrate, women in some communities are refrained from politics, military jobs, mathematics, and engineering careers, among others. For those who get into these careers, they are also treated with less concern and often given lower responsibilities in the view that they will not perform as per the expectations. This belief affects the way people treat each other†¦show more content†¦This has necessitated their liberation for them to contribute fully to the national development. The Combahee River Collective statement explores the societal view of sexism using the gender, class and race lenses. It not es the need for a progressive society that judges women on their ability to participate in national development regardless of their race and class. The sexism views are further expounded by Clarke in her article Lesbianism: An act of resistance. In concurrence with the Combahee River Collective, Clarke notes that women are generally oppressed in most of the societies purely on the gender grounds. The article, Lesbian: Act of Resistance notes that sexism is largely propagated by the whites that work negatively for them. It hinders them from achieving their full potential and inputs in national development. Clarke notes that most societies view women as men properties, their servants and sexual tools. The relationship appears more of that of slave and master and it leads to women oppression. Racism and sexism theme is well expounded in this text. The paper calls for a concerted effort among different players make sure that women are uplifted and given the right chances and platforms to maximize their potential. Further, the author establishes that sexism should had been viewed as a natural quality that women are born with as oppos ed to grouping them as a weak institution. In order to understand the effects of sexism in the society, itShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Analysis of Sexism and Its Effects on Igbo Society1867 Words   |  8 PagesAn Analysis of Sexism and Its Effects on Igbo Society There are a lot of things in the world that people take for granted. That is, until those things start to damage them. And slowly, but surely, the damaging starts to turn to destruction. By the time they realize their mistake it is too late. Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart takes place in Igbo Nigeria before and during its colonization by the white man. 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High Quality Education to Support Lifelong Learning

Question Discuss about the High Quality Education to Support Lifelong Learning. Answer: Projects title The report will focus on delivering the project titled High-quality education to support lifelong learning prototype. The project will be aimed to create awareness of high-quality education provision in supporting lifelong learning and coming up with a prototype programme. Project report introduction The project report is useful in explaining the implementation of the project. It uses both business, strategic, and project framework to execute and implement the project. The business case is used to justify the project why it is necessary to implement the project. The project background will be outlined to explain the reasons why it was necessary to exploit the opportunities in the project(Huber, 2014). To ensure the competitive type of project strategic models of SWOT and porters five competitive strategies will be employed. The project will outline its scope by mentioning specific objectives, assumptions, technical requirements, project scope statement, project scheduling technique by use of WBS(Burke, 2013). To support the empirical finding of the study literature review of the key variables of the study will be provided. The review will gather information from secondary sources of data. Later the project will outline a summary of findings of the project. Business Case justification The current economies of the world are controlled by skills and knowledge originating from quality education. Countries have taken notice of how important education is, and that is the reason why they are changing their own policies and funding initiatives to education(Berlinski, 2009). High-level quality education is seen to have positive effects in promoting economies, improving life, and supporting a sustainable lifelong learning. It is important for policymakers and other stakeholders to focus on enhancing quality education in their respective countries. Many countries are faced with the constraints of resources in delivering their education rights(Kremer, 2006). That has affected currently the education output of countries. According to scholars and researchers, any education programme should be a long-term process. It should focus on promoting future needs by allowing learners to retain necessary knowledge(Alexander, 2000). The need to focus on future prompted the project to carry out a project that will create awareness on the need of having the high-quality education to support lifelong learning. The project report is created to different project sponsors in order to be able to support the execution of the project. Background of the project The project is part of capacity building projects aimed at creating awareness among the society on the importance of quality education. High-quality education refers to delivering the best methodologies, techniques, and contents meeting society needs(Darling, 1994). Any quality education can be delivered by focusing on the current and future needs of the society. According to educationists, lifelong learning involves methodologies and techniques that learners are subjected to that focus on how they can retain the required information for future needs. To ensure the aim of the project is met the project need to identify the methodology that it will employ to target its immediate audiences. It brings an opportunity for policy makers in the education sector to find the findings of the project useful in changing their own education sector to meet lifelong learning goals. The aim of the project can only be achieved by capacity building or creating of awareness to the necessary audience. The society is need of the changes in the education sector because of the problems and complexities that are currently facing them that need solutions. The project implementation would significant to a number of persons and institutions. Project strategic analysis Business analysis is important in identifying the best strategies to be employed, and to justify why it is important to implement a project(Darling, 1994). In this project, one strategic model can be applied to justify the project case. The suitable strategic model that will be employed is the SWOT analysis. It is a strategic analysis that identifies the projects or business strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats(Graham, 2013). SWOT analysis is another suitable technique that can be used in place of feasibility studies to identify the role of political, technological, economic, social, legal and environment towards projects. SWOT analysis can be used in this project by categorizing the various components of the model, and later making strategies from them. Table 1 shows the SWOT analysis of the High-quality education to support lifelong learning Table 1 SWOT analysis STRENGTH WEAKNESS Availability of resources Commitments Support from various stakeholders Friendly to the environment Current formal structures in the country/legislations Lack of visionary leaders Increased corruptions It is longitudinal process OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Increased need of learning Changing need of societies Fruits originating from schooling system Focus on future needs Availability of technology Politics originating from policy makers Changes currently occurring in the economy Resistance from individuals not accepting change The management of the project will focus on the strength of the project by ensuring that the project will be implemented. Stakeholder participation will take place to ensure that the weaknesses facing the project will be addressed(Phillips, 2013). Stakeholder management involves a process where various individuals with interest and power towards the project are managed. To ensure that the threats do not affect the project deliverable risk management will be carried out to mitigate and manage the various threats facing the project. Risk management involves a process of identifying, assessing, evaluating, mitigating those risks that will face a project(Scholes, 2014). The project will evaluate its current infrastructure to ensure that the opportunities are tapped and acted upon. SWOT analysis is useful in the implementation of this project because it will help in planning, policy and strategic planning. Project Objectives The broad project objective is to create awareness of high-quality education to support lifelong learning prototype to the members of the society. To achieve the broad objective the following will be specific project objectives: To formulate a framework to be followed in implementing the project To document learning resources that will support the project prototype To create awareness initiatives for the project prototype Descriptions of the project: the First objective will be important in ensuring the project is funded and implemented. It involves creating a project plan or proposal for achieving the project goal. The second objective is important in explaining the importance of the project. Documented learning resources will help support the informal discussion of the project. Objective three is important in informing the various stakeholders on the goal and significance of the project. Problems to be solved: The project is focused on solving the society approach of addressing education as a short-term need. Secondly is to challenge educational stakeholders to utilize available resources to promote quality education. Project perceived benefits: It will help the society to embrace education as a long-term learning process that solves future needs. It will be useful to policymakers they will formulate good policies that will focus on long-term learning for sustainable economic and social growth. Project assumptions and constraints The project will assume that the project will take place and will not be influenced or stopped by education policy makers. It will assume that the right and sufficient financial support will be found to execute the project. Project Scope management The project scope is an important component in defining boundaries of a proposed project. Scope Statement The project will only cover the needs relating to high-quality education and lifelong learning. The target population will be members of the society, and the opinion leaders from the education sector. The budget of the project will be approximate $5000. The duration of the project will be three months. Project deliverables: Finding project sponsor, project plan formulation, documenting learning materials, hosting training and workshops, debates, forums. Technical requirements: financial resources, trainers, stationeries, venues, books, key speakers. Exclusions: changing the curriculum Project WBS A work breakdown structure is an important tool used in scheduling tasks. It is defined as the process of breaking down a project to smaller managed packages(Burke, 2013). Figure 2 shows the WBS of the project. Figure 2 WBS of the project Literature summary of Project/Program A key short summary review of key points literature concerning the project. Key educational informers have found that traditional methods cannot address future needs of the society. There is need to have reforms to have high-quality education programs. Educationists need to identify better ways of improving efficiency in learning institutions but reducing costs as well(Darling, 1994). Several educationists have opined several ways in which high-quality education can enhance lifelong learning. Some of the suggestions include; fostering a positive attitude to learning and using innovative ways of skills development. Different stakeholders in education sector need to have a global dimension of sharing cultures, resources, and practices that will facilitate change and innovation. Others have argued that they need to empower individuals to provide direct support to their own type of learning(King, 1997). Any lifelong learning can be supported with open educational resources and creation of material frameworks. Some of the universities have preferred to develop graduate profiles representing key learning outcomes(Berlinski, 2009). But educationists have been urged to participate in tracking progress in learning and provide any institutional support(Tiwana, 2014). In addition, high-quality learning can be achieved by embracing and integrating new technology in a learning environment(Schwalbe, 2015). Management of education institutions is required to adopt new methods of stressing performance accountability. Summary of the report The report focused on the best business case, strategy to implement the project. SWOT analysis was used to identify the best strategies to be employed when coming up with a unique project. In addition, the project utilized project tools and techniques to justify how the project will be implemented. Scope management plan and the WBS for scheduling activities were used. The theoretical review was outlined to further justify the aim and significance of the project. References Alexander, F. (2000). The changing face of accountability. Journal of higher education, 4, 11-431. Berlinski, S. (2009). The effect of pre-primary education on primary school performance. journal of public economics, 93(1), 219-234. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey: Wiley publishers. Darling, H. (1994). Performance-based assessments and education equal. Harvard education review, 64, 5-21. Graham, K. (2013). Strategic planning how to write a strategic plan that drives performance. Strategic factors manual, 81-96. Huber, G. (2014). Facilitating project team learning and contributions to organizational knowledge. Creativity and Innovation Management, 10(3), 23=68. King, E. . (1997). Women education in developing countries, barriers, policies. New york: world bank publications. Kremer, M. (2006). Schools, teachers and education outcomes in developing countries. Handbook of the economics of education, 2, 947-1017. Phillips, J. (2013). PMP, project management professional (certification study guides). New York: Mc Graw Hill. Scholes, M. (2014). Project risk identification. New York: Cengage. Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. New York: Cengage learning. Tiwana, A. (2014). The knowledge management toolkit: practical techniques for building a knowledge management system. Toronto, United states Prentice Hall publishers.

Teenagers and Use of Social Media †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Teenagers and Use of Social Media. Answer: Introduction: Social media is addictive precisely because it gives us something which the real world lacks: it gives us immediacy, direction, a sense of clarity and value as an individual. The above quoted lines of David Amerland from his famous work The Social Media Mind: How social media how social media is changing business, politics and science and helps create a new world order clearly outline the reason for the excessive use of the various social media platform by the teenagers and others. Furthermore, in the opinion of Woody Allen, Technology has made us Gods even before we deserve to call ourselves human beings. This particular statement of the famous director speaks volumes about the ill effects of the excessive over-reliance on the use of technology. Therefore, it is often seen that the parents try to control the usage of the various social media platforms of their kids. It is to be noted that this particular attitude is adopted by the parents in a bid to protect them from the ill effects of the excessive usage of the various social media platforms (Sponcil and Priscilla 4:1). This paper intends to shed light on the question whether the parents should limit t he usage of the various social media platforms by their kids. This particular article written by the authors Madden, Lenhart, Cortesi, Gasser, Duggan, Smith and Beaton was published in the Pew Research Center in the year 2013. This particular article intends to provide an overview of the usage of the various social media platforms by the teenagers and also its ill effects. The article also raises the question of privacy and how it is denied to the teenagers by the excessive usage of the various platforms of the social media (Madden 21:2-86). The authors conducted a thorough research between the years 2006 to 2012 to arrive at the conclusion that the teenagers in the present age are sharing more amount of information over the various social media platforms than they used to do in the earlier times (Madden 21:2-86). According to the article, 24% of online teens use Twitter, up from 16% in 2011. The typical (median) teen Facebook user has 300 friends, while the typical teen Twitter user has 79 followers (Madden 21:2-86). This might be a reflection of various factors like the need to eradicate boredom, to connect with friends and people from different parts of the world and others. However, it is often seen that there are various ill effects associated with the process of the excessive usage of social media as well. It is often see that the teenagers addicted to the social media are more likely to respond to the positive experiences rather than the negative ones. However, it is seen that recent researches suggest that the excessive usage of the social media have adverse effects on the psychology as well as the physical health of the teenagers and adolescents as well. Therefore, the various parents often try to curb the usage of social media of their children. This particular research material can be used by the various people to create awareness among the various parents and other people about the addictive as well as the ill effects of the excessive usage of the various platforms related to the social media. Moreover, this research can indicate that the excessive usage of the social media reduces the privacy in the lives of teenagers which forms an important part of their lives. The present scenario where most of the teenagers are addicted to the use of social media offers a very fertile ground to prove the facts derived by these authors. It is to be noted that the results derived by these authors can be synthesized with the other researches and their findings to create awareness among the teenagers about the ill effects of the usage of social media. The most important part of the research which has been selected is the fact that the research uses statistics to prove the hypotheses which they state during the course of the article. This particular article was written was Madden, Lenhart, Cortesi, Gasser, Duggan, Smith and Beaton who have a part of the Pew Internet Project for a long time. It is to be noted that there findings have raised much awareness about the ill effects of the usage of social media. The article states that Teen Twitter use has grown significantly: 24% of online teens use Twitter, up from 16% in 2011 and 74% of teen social media users have deleted people from their network or friends list (Madden 21:2-86). This article data clearly indicates the increase in the usage of social media among the teens and also the problems which entails with it. The only thing that is weak about the article is that the authors have restricted themselves just to finding the ill-effects of the usage of social media and does not provide any remedial measures. This particular article written by Strasburger in the year 2013 and published in the journal Pediatrics intends to give an overview of the harmful effects of the excessive usage of the various platforms of the social media. According to the article there was a time when the children used to be addicted to the media platform of television however in the recent times the trend has changed and now they have become addicted to the various platforms related to the social media (Strasburger 132: 958-961). As per a study conducted by the American Academy of Pediatrics, potential harmful effects of media messages and images has become a major problem for the various parents who are worried about the physical as well as the metal well being of their children due to their excessive use of the various platforms related to the social media (Bolton et al. 24: 245-267). Therefore, the article suggests that the various schools, parents and others take into consideration these factors and device app ropriate strategies to counteract them. It is significant to note that this particular article tries to evaluate the harmful effects of the excessive usage of the social media and tries to provide effective solutions to them. Therefore, it would not be too far-fetched to say that this particular research can be utilized by the various present day scholars as well as researchers to combat the harmful effects of the excessive usage of the platforms related to the social media. It is to be noted that this particular research can be synthesized with the current findings of other research to arrive at better results. The most important fact about the research which has been chosen is that unlike other researches which focus just on the harmful effects of the excessive usage of social media this particular research provides some solutions as well about how to curb the harmful effects of the excessive usage of social media. This particular article was written by Strasburger, who is one of the most eminent pediatrics of the world at the moment. The author states that the average 8- to 10-year-old spends nearly 8 hours a day with a variety of different media and teenagers 13 through 17 years of age sent an average of 3364 texts per month (Strasburger 132: 958-961). This particular data provided by the author can be utilized for further researches. This particular data provided by the author means that the present day teenagers are growing more reliant on the various forms of social media and thereby losing touch with the physical world. The only weak point about the article is that the article delves too much on the pediatric treatment and does not provide general solutions to the problem concerned. This particular paper was written by Perrin in the year 2015 and published in the Pew Research Center. This particular paper intends to provide an overview of the increasing usage of the various platforms related to the social media and the way it is affecting the lives of the teenagers and the adolescents as well. It is to be noted that according to the author the usage of the social media has increased by almost 65% in the present times and this is likely to affect not only the various teenagers but the adolescents as well (Lau 68: 286-291). According to the article the excessive usage of the various social media platforms has affected such things as work, politics and political deliberation, communications patterns around the globe, as well as the way people get and share information about health, civic life, news consumption, communities, teenage life, parenting, dating and even peoples level of stress (Perrin 1-12). It is to be noted that the findings of this particular article can be used for further researches and also for evaluating the harmful effects which the excessive usage of social media entails with itself. The findings of this particular research can be validated by using data from the real life experiences. It is to be noted that the findings of this particular research can be incorporated in other researches as well which try to study the harmful effects of the excessive usage of social media. The most important fact about this particular research is that the study gives an overview of the social media usage not only related to the teens but the adults as well. This article was written by Perrin, one of the most eminent members of the Pew Research Center. The specific data which can be used for further research are nearly two-thirds of American adults (65%) use social networking sites and young adults (ages 18 to 29) are the most likely to use social media fully 90% do (Perrin 1-12 ). This data suggests that the use of the various platforms of social media is on the rise not only among the teenagers as well as the adolescents. Therefore, along with the increased use of the social media the harmful effects will also follow. The only thing which is weak about the research is that the research covers only the problems related to the United States of America and does not provide a broader worldwide perspective. Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes that along with the increased use of the various platforms of social media the problems related to the excessive use of social media have also increased. Therefore, the parents need to limit the excessive use of social media among the kids in a bid to protect them from its harmful effects. References Bolton, Ruth N., et al. "Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research agenda."Journal of service management24.3 (2013): 245-267. Lau, Wilfred WF. "Effects of social media usage and social media multitasking on the academic performance of university students."Computers in human behavior68 (2017): 286-291. Madden, Mary, et al. "Teens, social media, and privacy."Pew Research Center21 (2013): 2-86. Perrin, Andrew. "Social media usage."Pew research center(2015). Sponcil, Megan, and Priscilla Gitimu. "Use of social media by college students: Relationship to communication and self-concept."Journal of Technology Research4 (2013): 1. Strasburger, Victor C., et al. "Children, adolescents, and the media."Pediatrics132.5 (2013): 958-961.

Critical Success Factors for the Implementation of System in the State of Qatar

miranda case Essays

miranda case Essays miranda case Essay miranda case Essay Westlaw Delivery Summary Report for 1,IPDate/Time of Request:Client Identifier:Database:Citation Text:Lines:Documents:Images:Sunday, May 13, 2012 10:33 CentralCHINACUSCTFIND86 S.Ct. 1602450010The material accompanying this summary is subject to copyright. Usage is governed by contract with Thomson Reuters,West and their affiliates.86 S.Ct. 1602FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLYPage 1384 U.S. 436, 10 Ohio Misc. 9, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 10 A.L.R.3d 974, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 36 O.O.2d 237, 39 O.O.2d 63(Cite as: 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602)tained in violation of Fifth Amendment privilegeagainst self-incrimination.Supreme Court of the United StatesErnesto A. MIRANDA, Petitioner,v.STATE OF ARIZONA.Michael VIGNERA, Petitioner,v.STATE OF NEW YORK.Carl Calvin WESTOVER, Petitioner,v.UNITED STATES.STATE OF CALIFORNIA, Petitioner,v.Roy Allen STEWART.Nos. 759- 761, 584.Argued Feb. 28, March 1 and 2, 1966.Decided June 13, 1966.Rehearing Denied No. 584 Oct. 10, 1966.See 87 S.Ct. 11.Criminal pros ecutions. The Superior Court,Maricopa County, Arizona, rendered judgment,and the Supreme Court of Arizona, 98 Ariz. 18,401 P.2d 721, affirmed. The Supreme Court,Kings County, New York, rendered judgment,and the Supreme Court, Appellate Division,Second Department, 21 A.D.2d 752, 252N.Y.S.2d 19, affirmed, as did the Court of Appeals of the State of New York at 15 N.Y.2d 970,259 N.Y.S.2d 857, 207 N.E.2d 527. The UnitedStates District Court for the Northern District ofCalifornia, Northern Division, rendered judgment, and the United States Court of Appeals forthe Ninth Circuit, 342 F.2d 684, affirmed. TheSuperior Court, Los Angeles County, California,rendered judgment and the Supreme Court ofCalifornia, 62 Cal.2d 571, 43 Cal.Rptr. 201, 400P.2d 97, reversed. In the first three cases, defendants obtained certiorari, and the State of California obtained certiorari in the fourth case. The Supreme

Contemporary Issues in World Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Contemporary Issues in World Politics - Essay Example IR focuses on the relations between the various states of the world and how their interaction and relationship are handled by the countries themselves and international organizations from the diplomatic and military perspective. Thus, when a state carries out its international relations with other states, in line with the IR theory of Realism it will mainly focus on its own interests and benefits, and very minimally from the perspective of other countries and even international perspective, and carry out actions accordingly. When the focus is on Realism, Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes are regarded as the founding fathers of this Realism theory, however the Twentieth-century Realism and the scientifically enriched and associated Neorealism is focused, it had its beginnings mainly during the Cold War. That is, Realism as a theory came into prominence particularly during the Cold War years, because both United States and Soviet Union carried out aggressive and at the same time defen sive activities in various fields from Military, space, foreign relations, etc, etc, mainly to protect their self-interests. Although, there was focus on international interests, which prevented nuclear catastrophe, even that decision of not to use nuclear weapons were based on self-interests. Both the countries threatened to use nuclear arsenal particularly during the Cuban crisis, they stepped down their aggressive postures, when their self-interests are catered or fulfilled. In the current times, there is no such an intense rivalry between countries, but still states act in a self-centric manner. The states will mainly prioritizes their national interests as well as territorial security, even over other forms of national functioning including their history, ideology, moral considerations, etc., as well as international concerns like world peace. With this motive, the states will act both in an offensive as well as in a defensive manner against other territories or nations to upho ld these aspects. That is, they could go into a ‘game’ of one-upmanship with their opponent states, indulge in exchange of harsh words, carry out war games, initiate small-scale intrusion or even wars, etc. The states will always do this mainly with a self-centric perspective, and thereby dominate other states or territories. States in the international system maximally remain in the constant state of antagonism with few countries or maximum countries. Even politically and militarily ‘insignificant’ states will have some form of antagonism or rivalry with some countries in their neighbourhood. These countries will have general distrust and that will focus them to orient their international relations with those countries in a self-centric manner. This is happening even in the environment of strong overseeing International Organizations (IOs). Although, IOs are developed and supported by states to foster cooperation, goodwill and peace among the nations, each state had or still having various personal motivations or self-interests to support IOs and importantly act through them. IOs started evolving after the formation of sovereign state system, and as states only form and operate IOs, states have major stakes in them. States act through IOs in the matters of international relations, and for other social and economic purposes. When they do that, they will first focus on their

Evaluating Performance through Motivation and Conflict Management Essay

Evaluating Performance through Motivation and Conflict Management Discussion - Essay Example Let me first discuss about the theories of motivation applied to organization’s behaviors and to employees of workplaces. Motivation is etymologically a Latin word "movere"-- to move. It is an internal drive motivating behaviors and determining direction. It is a moving force that motivates organizational behavior. Maslow's â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs Theory† point that motivation is driven by needs and of certain conditions that motivate them to exemplify these needs. This hierarchy features five major areas which start with â€Å"basic needs toward more complicated and self-fulfilling needs. It includes physiological, survival, security and stability. Human being’s social nature needs venue for social interaction to bolster our self-esteem and competence in order for us to develop our full potential for self-actualization. Maslow's believes that unsatisfied lowest-level need has the greatest motivating potential. Alderfer's ERG Theory is also somewhat similar to "Needs Theory† but has only three characters which explains satisfaction and motivation.

Managine Project teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managine Project teams - Essay Example is more focused in the use of contingent reward, active management or passive management style (Judge and Piccolo, 2004; Gill, Levine and Pitt, 1998). As explained by Judge and Piccolo (2004), active leaders tend to focus more on the need to monitor the subordinates’ ability to anticipate organizational problems, their work-related behavior, and ensure that the subordinates would observe correction actions when necessary whereas passive leaders tend to wait until their subordinates would make errors before making actions. Unlike transformational or transactional leadership, Laissez-faire is all about no leadership at all. It means that under the Laissez-faire leadership, the leader tend to avoid making necessary actions or decisions on behalf of the management team (Judge and Piccolo, 2004). Basically, the main purpose of completing the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) is to assess the three (3) different types of leadership style known as: transformational, transactional and Laissez-faire. A score of 3.2 for management by exception and 3.5 for contingent reward (3.5) puts me in the 100th percentile for these two (2) leadership factors. It means that I scored the highest in UK as compared to other people. Upon analyzing the MLQ result, this score strongly suggest that I have a strong transactional leadership style. In the study of Rowold and Schlotz (2009), the authors found out that excessive use of transactional leadership style is positively linked with the development of chronic stress. For this reason, I should learn to minimize the use of transactional leadership style. Instead, I should put extra effort in improving my ability to use transformational leadership style. Leadership factors such as individualised consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealised influence are all characteristics of transformational leadership. A score of 3.2 in inspirational motivation puts me in the 100th percentile making this

Management styles: Small and large businesses

Management styles: Small and large businesses The overall aim of the essay is to explore the difference between management styles of small and large business. All organisations large or small, are today struggling to develop in an external operating environment which is epitomised by turbulence and uncertainty. Within the small business context research shows that owner-managers view of management as one of their most important roles, and yet one of the task they find the most difficult (Hankinson 1997), while a multitude of theories, concepts and guiding frames of insight have emerged and are embraced the best management style knowledge but it can be argued that much of this knowledge has relevance to large organisations and fails to address the distinctive characteristics of the small business. Management of any business consists of internal and external management, internal management involves human resources management and managing organisational structure and functions where external management can include developing strategies for business growth and development and managing influence of change on business activities. Within the context of management, small and large businesses have different ways to managing business activities. The detail discussion of management differences below covers the management issues that both businesses come cross during its growth. 2. Discussion What is a small business? What is a large business? There are differing definitions for small versus large businesses, depending on the context of the discussion. As an example, the United States Small Business Administration has established a size standard for most industries of the economy (United States Small Business Administration, 2002). Under these standards, for instance, in the manufacturing and mining industries, a business is small if it has fewer than 500 employees, while fewer than 100 employees makes businesses in the wholesale trade industry small. For the discussion in this paper, we use the term â€Å"small business† to imply organizations with fewer than 100 employees. Therefore, a â€Å"large business† implies 100 or more employees. Small and large organizations typically differ in resources, money, and time. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] 2.1 Management It is known that freedom of information and communication, the culture of trust and confidence, and management systems that support policy implementation are the organisational factors that affect middle manager activities (Hancock and Hellawell, 2003). It appears these issues closely relate to the size of an organization and its form of ownership. For instance, it is easier for small organizations to act as a coherent whole and provide better two-way communication, while this is a challenge for large organisations. The middle managers proactiveness appears to be related to the issues of firm size and ownership: they are more visible in small companies and they get more extrinsic incentives to be active. The organisations size and form of ownership as two separate variables have been the focus of prior studies (for review, Wu, 2006; Chen and Hambrick, 1995), but a combination of these variables in large state-owned enterprises and small private companies has not been a subject of res earch. The difference between the managerial environments of state and private companies is evident: state-owned enterprises are very sensitive to institutional constraints, while private firms have an adaptive ability (Hoskisson et al., 2000); the state sector prioritises income per worker rather than profit, whereas private-sector firms are profit maximizes (Meng and Perkins, 1998); employee participation in decision making is highest in employee-owned enterprises, compared to enterprises with state or mixed ownership (Russell and Callanan, 2001). As to the differences between small and large companies, small firms show a lower degree of visibility as well as a lower degree of responsiveness to competitive actions; they are slower to announce responses, but they execute faster than larger firms (Chen and Hambrick, 1995). Large enterprises have more procedures and regulations regarding employee and managerial operations, while managers of small companies have less feelings of secur ity. Two different managerial environments â€Å"private, small business management† and â€Å"state, large enterprise management† -influence the implementation of middle managers decisions. The possibility of such influence is even sharper in economies that are moving from central planning to market competition. Divergent factors, such as national ideology, culture, and government policy are significantly influential â€Å"in shaping the values of middle managers which in turn affects the interpretation and enactment of their managerial roles† (Holden and Roberts, 2004, p. 270). [www.emeraldinsight.com 23-11-07] 2.2 Business structure and functions Small and large organisations are structured in radically different ways ranging from relatively fixed structures with positions, rules, and established chains of communication to dynamic structures in which people belong to teams that are continually being formed and reformed for the duration of a project. [www.thetimes100.co.uk 24-11-07] Typical organisation structure [www.tutor2u.net accessed 28-11-07] Typical ways of organising people are: By function dividing the organisation up into groups with similar specialises e.g. marketing, finance and accounts, human resources, etc. usually seen in large scale businesses By product grouping people together according to the product they make. For example, BIC has three main divisions pens, lighters, and razors. By process grouping people together according to the processes that they are carrying out. For example retailing organisations like Argos and Travis Perkins will group employees according to whether they are involved in packing and display or customer service. By geographical area most large companies are widely dispersed. Companies like BIC, Gillette, Kelloggs, etc have European and North American divisions. Small and large firms can also be highly centralised or largely decentralised. In a highly centralised structure control will be tight from the centre or Head Office of the firm, mostly implies on large firms. In contrast, in a decentralised organisation power will be passed down to the various project managers and teams typically used in small firms where culture relies on informal management and employee relation and business activities . [www.thetimes100.co.uk 24-11-07] Managers of small and large firms need to learn to work with both formal and informal structures. A flexible manager will realise that elements of the informal structure can be formalised i.e. by adapting the formal structure to incorporate improvements which result from the day-to-day working of the informal structure. When managers nurture these informal groups and mould them into the formal structure this can lead to high levels of motivation for the staff involved. [www.thetimes100.co.uk 24-11-07] 2.3 Bureaucratic versus Pre bureaucratic management Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity, usually in large organizations and government. It is characterized by standardized procedure (rule-following), formal division of responsibility, hierarchy, and impersonal relationships. In practice the interpretation and execution of policy can lead to informal influence Pre- bureaucratic (entrepreneurial) structures lack standardisation of task, this structure is most common in smaller organizations and is best used to solve simple tasks. The structure is totally centralized. The strategic leader makes all key decisions and most communication is done by one on one conversations. It is particularly useful for new (Entrepreneurial) business as it enables the founder to control growth and development. [en.wikipedia.org 28-11-07] Regardless the size of the business management styles applies the same, management can be considered as leadership and leadership has various different styles to manage business as well as people working for it. Management of any business based upon the culture of the business and culture or basic assumptions, values, belief and attitudes. These elements are the basic of any management to consider before implementing any managerial styles on business. 2.4 Management and employee relation: All firms, small and large, should emphasize honesty, trust, fairness, and clarity in employee and labour relations. Employers and employees must take the time to build a cooperative relationship for the success of the organization and individual employees. Both non-unionised and unionised environments must emphasize communication, disciplinary action, and conflict and dispute resolutions to achieve harmony in the workplace. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] A small business is often portrayed as close, friendly, and harmonious. Owner/manager and employee relationships are facilitated through informal communication and greater flexibility (Dundon, Grugulis, and Wilkinson, 1999). Communication takes place one-on-one and face-to-face that typically leads to increased cooperation and less formal policies. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] Labour relations in a large unionised business are similar to that in a small unionised business. Communication, disciplinary actions, and conflict and dispute resolutions involve the union, employee, and management. One possible difference is that unionisation in a large business may be more desirable for employees than in a small business (Brown, Hamilton, and Medoff, 1990). [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] The small firm provides a better environment for the employee than is possible in most large firms. Although physical working conditions may sometimes be inferior in small forms, most people prefer to work in small groups where communication presents few problems. The employee in a small firm can more easily see the relation between what he is doing and the objectives and performances of the firm as a whole. Where management is more direct and flexible, working rules can be varied to suit the individual. Each employee each employee also likely to have more varied role with a chance to participate in several kinds of work, turnover in small firms is very low and strikes and other kinds of industry dispute are relatively infrequent. The fact that smaller firms offer lower earnings than larger firms suggests that convenience of location and generally the non material satisfactions of working in them more than out weigh any financial sacrifice involved.(Bolton report 1971), (Carter S, Jo nes D, 2000, p309) 2.5 Human resource management Substantial work has been undertaken in the field of human resource management (HRM) as it applies to large organizations. However, for small business these models frequently do not apply. The small business lacks adequate systems to ensure the efficient management of human resources. Further, most small businesses are the product of their owners, whose personality and personal involvement dominate. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] Human resource management (HRM) is the performance of all the managerial functions involved in planning for recruiting, selecting, developing, utilizing, rewarding, and maximizing the potential of the human resources in an organization (Megginson, Franklin, and Byrd, 1995). Human resource (HR) personnel also support and advice managers, serve as employee advocates, resolve problems, and implement organization policies. Small and large businesses often develop and implement policies and procedures related to these functional areas differently, primarily due to the size and nature of the firms. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] Small firms may have different HR practices than larger firms because of different workforce requirements and/or a lack of understanding of HRM issues by small business owners (Deshpande and Golhar, 1994). Regardless of size, employees are vital assets, and a well established and maintained HRM department, or just functional area for smaller firms, provides a strong structure which is an organizational asset and crucial to ultimate success. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] HR planning is part of HRM, particularly the staffing process required by all types of organizations. In many instances, the owner of a small business handles the HRM function himself or herself because the firm only employs a few individuals (Hornsby and Kuratko, 1990). It is easier for the small business owner to make decisions and hire employees due to the owners single authority. In contrast, in a larger organization, this task is often handled by the HRM department, which employs fulltime personnel to recruit, hire, and fulfil the other HRM functions. Such a process may involve lengthy hiring procedures due to the number of individuals and departments who may be involved in the final hiring decision. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] As a small business grows its owners must begin to increase their staff and learn how to develop and implement human resource management (HRM) policies. The faster the growth experienced by the small firm the more likely it will experience HR problems. For many fast growing small to medium enterprises the main problem is finding and retaining high quality employees (Fraza, 1998). As a firm grows and its employee numbers increase the complexity of its HRM deepens. The owner-manager is usually burdened with a variety of HR functions for which he/she is generally poorly equipped (Thatcher, 1996). Managing such issues as recruitment and selection, staff promotion and retention, wages and salary negotiations, compliance with government employment, tax and insurance regulations and training and development can severely tax the average small business owner. What is required is the development of suitable HR policy and procedure. Ideally this should be flexible and not a mere addition to the bureaucracy (Caudron, 1993). [www.emeraldinsight.com 20-11-07] For e.g. Marks and Spencer CEO Stuart Rose has given all new look to marks and Spencer at the stage where its growth has almost declined. Stuart Rose introduced a new strategy with the element of human resource management, he believed that any thing can save Marks and Spencer is a new effective human resource strategy. His, strategy built a new image of Marks and Spencer in market and enable it to compete with rivalries. 2.5.1 Human resources planning HR planningprocess makes assumptions and forecasting future HR needs of the organization. This involves issues concerning revenue, number of employees, and expansion or downsizing of the company. Both small and large businesses try to predict changes that may occur in the future. Small businesses may look to expand the venture through growth strategies. In this case, forecasting the need for additional employees is the first step. The company may also look at required employee skill levels, particularly when the business relies heavily on technology or other change elements. A large business often looks at cash flow and cost control when it comes to HR planning. It may or may not hire additional employees, provide raises, reduce employee pay, and expand or downsize the company. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] As a small or large company evolves or grows, employees need proper training to help the company achieve its goals. Training is essential to improve skills and overcome deficiencies. Not only do employees benefit, but the company also benefits. Training and development is also essential to stay ahead of competitors, especially in the area of innovation and technology. Research suggests that the investment made by entrepreneurs in training their employees strengthens a firms technical excellence and innovative capabilities (Gundry, 1991). Small businesses usually do not have large training budgets like many large firms, but they can still get the most out of their training dollars. Smaller companies assess their training needs by finding out what is important to the organization and employees. The most serious challenges small firms face in terms of training and developing employees are restrictions on time, money, space, and staff (Cohen, 1998). Larger businesses typically have more time, space, money, and staff to train employees than smaller organizations. These firms may have training specialists who are responsible for setting training objectives, developing and presenting training materials, and following up on the progress to ensure that the training objectives have been achieved. [www.sbaer.uca.edu- 19-11-07] 2.6 Strategic management Strategic management involves developing a game plan to guide a company as its strive to accomplished its vision, mission, goals and objectives and to keep it from straying off its desired course (Zimmerer.T.W Scarborough N.M, 2005, pg. 69). The goal of developing a strategic plan is to create for the small business a competitive advantage- the aggregation of factors that sets a small business apart from its competitors and gives it a unique position in the market superior to its competition. [www.fm-kp.si- 20-11-07] [www.tutor2u.net accessed 28-11-07] When it comes to developing a strategy for establishing a competitive advantage, small businesses have a variety of natural advantages over their larger competitors. A small business has often narrower product lines, more clearly defined customer bases, and more specific geographic market areas than big businesses. Due to simplicity of organisational structures, small business owners are in touch with employees daily, often working together, allowing them to communicate strategic moves firsthand. Consequently, small businesses find that strategic management comes more naturally to them than to larger companies with their layers of bureaucracy and far flung operations. [www.fm-kp.si- 20-11-07] Strategic management can increase small business effectiveness, but entrepreneurs first must have a process designed to meet their needs and their businesss special characteristics. It is a mistake to attempt to apply a big businesss strategic development techniques to a small business because small business is not a little big business. Because of their size and their particular characteristics small resource base, flexible managerial style, informal organisational structure and adaptability to change; small businesses need a different approach to the strategic management process [www.fm-kp.si- 20-11-07]. The value of strategic planning for firm performance may lay more in the future orientation and planning practices than in the formal form of a strategic plan (Hunger and Wheelen 1998). Small firms in particular tend to plan informally and not on a regular basis. Strategic planning can be beneficial for small firm performance, because it forces the entrepreneur to think about open business questions and search for solutions, and also encourages the entrepreneurs learning and making improvements (Wickham 1998). Strategic planning is a process that helps to forecast the future and prepare for the future, and can be beneficial for firm growth (Zimmerer and Scarborough 1996); [www.fm-kp.si- 20-11-07] Successful small firms tend to a large extent to use advanced planning and activity analysis (Zimmerer and Scarborough, 1996). Strategic orientation can be considered a driver of strategy formulation; a strategically oriented entrepreneur will pursue opportunities regardless of resources under his or her control, whereas a strategically not-oriented entrepreneur will limit his or her activities by the resources that are currently under control (Sahlman et al. 1999).[ www.fm-kp.si- 20-11-07] 2.7 Change management: More than ever, organisations are being subjected to a host of pressures for change from elements in the environment, both internal and external. According to Churchill and Lewis (1983), there are five main stages of development in a businesss growth. These include existence, survival, success, take off, and resource maturity. As an organisation moves from one stage to another, it must adjust to the challenges of that phase. There is a need for continual renewal if the organisation is to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage which will ensure its survival in a turbulent business environment. Organisational change is the process by which the organisation moves from its current position and state towards some future position as a way of increasing its overall effectiveness (Jones, 2001). The management of change is a complex process, which according to Larkin and Larkin (1996) is something which many organisations get wrong. (Jenny Hayes, Managing Change, 2004) Although much has been written about managing change in large private and public companies, very little has been written about managing change in the unique context of small firms. Concerns particular to small firms include their relative lack of control over their environment, commingling of business and personal priorities, and lack of resources to carry out the magnitude of change that is appropriate to meet accurately diagnosed problems or recognized opportunities.. [www.smeal.psu.edu -27-11-07] Change occurs frequently in most large and small companies. The problem is that it is not always well planned, deliberately executed, and successful. It is also often reactive to events rather than proactive in anticipating or even creating them. The typical small firms has not invested much in planning, pursues change haphazardly, and adopts generic or packaged change initiatives (Smart et al., 2004). Owners and managers of small firms should engage their company and its environment in a proactive manner, which means they cause something to happen rather than wait to respond to it after it happens. Owners and managers are more likely to engage in generative learning when they are proactive because they have time to explore potential problems and opportunities. Small firms that are reactive do not have adequate time to explore problems and even less, if any, time to explore opportunities. Learning under these conditions tends to be adaptive. Problems can be solved in this manner, but this may not contribute to long-term survival or prosperity. [www.smeal.psu.edu -27-11-07] [www.managingchange.com accessed 28-11-07] 2.8 Organisational culture Culture is often deeply rooted within an organisation and results in formal and informal systems, rules, and shared expectations that govern attitudes, beliefs and behaviour. Organisational culture, or corporate culture, comprises the attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values of an organisation. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organisation and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organisation. Organisational values are beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals members of an organisation should pursue and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of behaviour organisational members should use to achieve these goals. From organisational values develop organisational norms, guidelines or expectations that prescribe appropriate kinds of behaviour by employees in particular situations and control the behaviour of organisational members towards one another. [en.wikipedia.org 21-11-07] In an owner managed business (small firms), the organisational culture typically reflects the personality traits and aspirations of the owner-manager that, in turn, help to shape the enabling and constraining forces affecting the firm. The pervading sets of norms and values and the ways of doing things and the freedoms afforded to different individuals are often reflected in informal structures, systems and processes which themselves often the personality traits of the main owner (Carter S, Jones D, 2000). To support the argument there is an example of well known entrepreneur the owner of Virgin group Richard Branson, he introduced a culture at the early stages on Virgin group in mid 1970s a blame free culture, in which Branson and management considered the mistakes made by any employee or manager as the implications for the growth of the business, purpose of this culture is to encourage and motivate innovation among the workforce to produce sufficient outcomes. 2.9 Job quality at small business versus large business: Small businesses create a significant share of new jobs; it is natural to ask how these jobs compare to those at large firms. Simply put, large firms offer better jobs and higher wages than small firms. Benefits appear to be better at large firms as well, for everything from health insurance and retirement to paid holidays and vacations. Finally, job turnover, initiated by both employers and employees, is lower at large firms. The lower rates of employee initiated turnover suggest that job satisfaction and mobility are relatively greater at large firms; lower rates of employer initiated separations suggest that jobs at larger firms are more stable. For e.g. multinational organisations such ICI limited, Unilever limited, Pfizer, these are the known companies around the world due to their quality of work life and effective management styles. [www.emeraldinsight.com 20-11-07] Large firms often have desirable working conditions, such as weaker autonomy, stricter rules and regulations, less flexible scheduling, empirical evidence can capture these differences, working conditions can not explain the firm size wage effect (Brown and Medoff). The expansion lies in the migration of firms across size classes from year to year. In any given year, some small firms will grow beyond 20 workers and join a large size class. Such migration trims the share of firms in the smallest class size, in the same way that small business failures trim the class size. Likewise, some large firms will contract, falling below the 500 employee level and dropping into a smaller size class. Also, new small businesses are born, increasing the share of jobs in the small firm class. [www.emeraldinsight.com 20-11-07] Brown and Medoff and other theories suggested that larger employers may make greater use of high quality workers. This might occur, for example, because larger firms are more capital intensive and require higher skilled employees to operate that plant and equipment. [www.emeraldinsight.com 20-11-07] The critical factor in greater labour turnover at smaller businesses is that the failure rate of small businesses is somewhat greater than that of larger businesses, which leads to higher rates of employer initiated separations (Dunne and others; Idson). Failure rates of establishments drop markedly as firm size increases to 100 employees, but then turn upwards again such that firms with 500 or more employees have larger failure rates those firms with 20-99 employees. Nevertheless, the failure rates for the smallest firms (one to four employees) generally are about one and one half times higher those of larger firms. [www.emeraldinsight.com 20-11-07] 2.10 Management Characteristics, Small businesses Versus Large business There are some characteristics of small and large firms, which may represent an advantage as well as a disadvantage. For instance while the presence of fewer hierarchical layers in smaller firms may on the one hand reduce bureaucracy, increase flexibility and result in less filtering of proposals, it also limits career opportunities for their employees. [www.emeraldinsight.com 20-11-07] Small firms Large firms Little bureaucracy Formal management skills Rapid decision making Able to control complex organizations Risk taking Can spread risk over a portfolio of products Motivated and committed management Functional expertise in staff functionaries Motivated labour More specialized labour Rapid and effective internal communication, shorter decision chains Time and resources to establish comprehensive external Science Technology networks Fast reaction to changing market requirements Comprehensive distribution and servicing facilities Can dominate narrow market niches High market power with existing products RD efficiency Economies of scale and scope in RD Capacity for customisation Better able to fund diversification, synergy Capable of fast learning and adapting routines and strategy Able to obtain learning curve economies through investment in production Appropriation of rewards from innovation through tacitness of knowledge Able to erect entry barriers (www.emeraldinsight.com) 3. Conclusion The relative strengths of large firms lie mostly in resources, while those of small firms are generally argued in terms of behavioral characteristics. It is however not either small firms or large firms which are the better innovators. Small and large firms are likely to play complementary roles in the process of technical advance, in the sense that they are better at different types of innovation. A challenge for management would be to find ways to combin

2pac Shakur :: essays research papers

Tupac Shakur grew up around nothing but self-delusion. His mother, Alice Faye Williams, thought she was a "revolutionary." She called herself "Afeni Shakur" and associated with members of the ill-fated Black Panther Party, a movement that wanted to feed school kids breakfast and earn civil rights for African Americans. During her youth she dropped out of high school, partied with North Carolina gang members, then moved to Brooklyn: After an affair with one of Malcolm X's bodyguards, she became political. When the mostly white United Federation of Teachers went on strike in 1968, she crossed the picket line and taught the children herself. After this she joined a New York chapter of the Black Panther Party and fell in with an organizer named Lumumba. She took to ranting about killing "the pigs" and overthrowing the government, which eventually led to her arrest and that of twenty comrades for conspiring to set off a race war. Pregnant, she made bail and told her husband, Lummuba, it wasn't his child. Behind his back she had been carrying on with Legs (a small-time associate of Harlem drug baron Nicky Barnes) and Billy Garland (a member of the Party). Lumumba immediately divorced fer. Things went downhill for Afeni: Bail revoked, she was imprisoned in the Women's House of Detention in Greenwich Village. In her cell she patted her belly and said, "This is my prince. He is going to save the black nation." By the time Tupac was born on June 16, 1971, Afeni had already defended herself in court and been acquitted on 156 counts. Living in the Bronx, she found steady work as a paralegal and tried to raise her son to respect the value of an education. From childhood, everyone called him the "Black Prince." For misbehaving, he had to read an entire edition of The New York Times. But she had no answer when he asked about his daddy. "She just told me, 'I don't know who your daddy is.' It wasn't like she was a slut or nothin'. It was just some rough times."When he was two, his sister, Sekyiwa, was born. This child's father, Mutulu, was a Black Panther who, a few months before her birth, had been sentenced to sixty years for a fatal armored car robbery. With Mutulu away, the family experienced hard times. No matter where they moved-the Bronx, Harlem, homeless shelters-Tupac was distressed. "I remember crying all the time.

Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease or CHD is a narrowing of the small blood vassals that supply the heart with blood and oxygen. The disease develops when a combination of fatty material, calcium, and scar tissue or plaque, builds up in the arteries that supply the heart with blood. This slows the blood flow and causes chest pain. Men in their 40s have a higher risk of CHD than women. But, as women get older, their risk increases so that it is almost equal to a man's risk. Factors that put you at a higher risk of developing CHD are, diabetes, high blood pressure, â€Å"bad† cholesterol, not getting enough physical activity or exercise, obesity, and smoking. Children with parents who have heart disease are more likely to develop it themselves. African Americans have more severe high blood pressure than Caucasians and a higher risk of developing CHD. Risk is also higher among Mexican Americans, American Indians, native Hawaiians and some Asian Americans. This is partly due to higher rates of obesity and diabetes. Men have a greater risk of heart attack than women do, and they have attacks earlier in life. Even after menopause, when women's death rate from CHD increases, it's not as great as men's. Over 83 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older. At older ages, women who have heart attacks are more likely than men are to die from them within a few weeks. Treatment depends on your symptoms and how severe the disease is. There are three main types of treatment for Coronary Heart Disease: lifestyle, medication, and, for advanced atherosclerosis, special procedures. The first two types of treatment also can help prevent the development of Coronary Heart Disease. The Lifestyle treatment has 6 main steps to help you prevent or control CHD. They are, stop smoking cigarettes, lower high blood pressure, reduce high blood cholesterol, lose extra weight, become physically active, and manage diabetes. These are all thing you can do at home in your daily life. Next is Medication, in addition to making lifestyle changes, medications may be needed to prevent or control Coronary Heart Disease. For instance, medications may be used to control a risk factor such as high blood pressure or high blood cholesterol and so help prevent the development of CHD. Or, medication may be used to relieve the chest pain of CHD. And special procedures are for advanced atherosclerosis may require a special procedure to open an artery and improve blood flow. This is usually done to ease severe chest pain, or to clear major or multiple blockages in blood vessels. Coronary heart disease is high risk for Americans and is prevented by a good diet and heathly living. There is no cure for CHD, only treatments for the symptoms.

Writing Medical School Application Essays

Writing Medical School Application Essays As Ive said before, writing medical school application essays is no easy task. That is why it is important to be good to yourself during the process. Unfortunately, too many med school applicants make the mistake of powering through their application essays in the hopes of getting the process over with. And while wanting to do this is certainly understandable, it doesnt usually yield good results. When writing your application essay, I can guarantee you are going to get frustrated (Lord knows that I did!). That being said, I recommend that you be kind to yourself. One trick that I found particularly interesting was writing whatever I felt like when I started to get frustrated. The following sentence, for instance, could have easily appeared in one of my initial drafts: For me, my desire to heal others through knowledge of medicine was a result of one particular incident as a child. I could elaborate on this experience but why bother? My head hurts, Im sick of writing, and if I have to write one more medical school application composition, I am going to use what little I do know about medicine to overdose on Tylenol. Clearly, the above example is not something anyone would want in their final draft. At the time, however, the humor helped me clear some of my writers block and got me back on track. So dont be so hard on yourself! The more fun you can have composing your medical school application essays, the easier they will be to write!

Psychoactive drugs essays

Psychoactive drugs essays There is one person I know that has been addicted to psychoactive drugs. He was addicted to LSD and Cocaine. He spent about a year and a half snorting cocaine and taking hits of LSD. For one whole year he didn't go one day without snorting cocaine. It would depend on the mood he was in to decide which drug he would consume that day, or if he wanted to take both of them all at once. He was never himself when he took either of the drugs. It was like he was in his own little world. When he consumed a large amount of LSD in one day, he would be the happiest person in the world until he started to come down from the drug. When he started to come down from the drug, he didn't really want to bother with anyone around him. He would be very moody and aggravated with his surroundings at the moment. On the days he would consume a large amount of cocaine, depending on how much he would take, he would be sweating, his heartbeat would be so fast, he'd have to lay down for a while, so he could let his heartbeat slow down. A lot of the time, when he would take LSD for the day, he always thought that his friends had something against him, like they were mad at him. He would accuse them of doing things they hadn't done. He would get very untrustworthy of me and his friends when we were around him. He would also be very paranoid if he drove a car while on either drug. He'd always think that there was a police car following him, or if it was late at night and really dark out, any car that would be behind him, he would think it to be a police car. Once he actually thought or hallucinated that the cars sirens were on, so he pulled to the side of the road and let the car pass him. After that happened, anyone who would be driving behind him, he would pull over and let them pass him. Sometimes when he would consume a large amount of cocaine within one hour, he would be totally off the walls like he was acting like he was ...

Strategic Management of HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Management of HR - Essay Example This paper will present a short report on this company from theoretical perspectives on SHRM while focusing on external factors based on information available in the company’s website and other literature sources before identifying some key challenges and proposing recommendations to tackle those challenges along with concluding opinions. 2. The Walt Disney Company: As per their website, the Walt Disney Company and its subsidiaries group is a world leading international family entertainment and media enterprise with five business segments: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media. Disney’s vision statement is ‘To make people happy’ (Plenert 2002; 77), and this they wish to accomplish through their mission, which states, ‘To be one of the world's leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer produ cts, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world,’ (Erling, 23). ... hile strategic management models strive to address company’s internal and external factors, the external factors stand out even before starting a business and also throughout the life cycle of the business. 3.1 Life cycle model: Considering the life cycle model, put forth by Sisson and Storey (2000 cited Marchington & Wilkinson, 2005), Disney can be categorized in the maturity phase after its rapid growth into locations worldwide during last decade; its standardized policies and procedures have been translated to suit the local needs and obligations. Although Disney continues to acquire and grow, its growth strategies seem to be in saturated markets, considering the evolution of advanced technology and systems, favourable economic conditions and regulations, which in turn are only sufficient to sustain its business. The recent acquisition of Lucasfilm and all of its franchisees, which has not only added greater value to Disney’s brand but also increased its share value in the US market (Cieply, 2012) also indicates that the company still continues to grow and expand while maintaining its standardized policies. The life-cycle perspective shows Disney fluctuating between growth and maturity phases. Resistance to change, adaptability of old strategies to new conditions and employee motivation and commitment are common issues that need to be addressed. 3.2 Harvard model: Gaining an understanding of the external factors is crucial for strategic decisions that can eventually spell the success, or performance of the organisation. The Harvard strategic management model, proposed by Beer and his associates (1984, cited Marchington & Wilkinson, 2005) identifies two critical factors that influence management, namely, situational and stakeholders’ interests, with the former

Research Progress Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Progress Report - Assignment Example There are several vehicles that authorities can employ to realize the genuine, effective participation of citizens in the governance process. One such vehicle is community councils. Following the amalgamation of Toronto in 1998, six community councils were established. The community councils were meant to serve as the platform for â€Å"participating† the residents of Metropolitan Toronto, the new amalgamated city. The notion of "amalgamation" entails merging smaller local authorities with one larger municipality to form one large metropolitan area. Promoters of city amalgamations argue that it is more cost-effective to provide services and goods to one larger municipality than in several small local government areas(Schwartz, 2010). However, many scholars are of the view that amalgamation has not worked for Toronto and that the community councils are weak. This paper compares the Toronto model with two others: New York and Montreal. Scholars consider New York a success and Montreal, like Toronto, a failure. Based on the findings of the case studies, the author recommends two reform options for Toronto. Until 1997, Toronto had a two-tier regional government. The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto comprised the upper tier while the lower tier comprised the municipalities of North York, East York, Scarborough and Toronto and the borough of York. In late 1996, the premier of Ontario proposed the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto. They argued that the move could save $645 million during the transition and $300 million a year afterthat (Schwartz, 2010). However, a report by KPMG revealed that the transition cost the government of Ontario $275 million while they managed to save only $135 million a year. As of 2008, the city’s budget stood at $8.1 billion, up from $5 billion in 1997. Only the number of politicians fell, but increases in the councilors staff and office budgets have canceled any cost

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 13

Case study - Essay Example Even if he was aware of the contract it is still possible that he was not aware of the clause. The fact that management made them aware of the presence of these people and they still went ahead with their holiday could lessen their chances at raising a claim against the hotel or the travel agency. This goes into their complaint about the poor food. It must be established whether or not the poor quality of the food was a function of an unsupported expectation or because it failed to meet conditions set forth in a contract. ‘Quiet atmosphere’ was an essential requisite of the client before he agreed to book with Elite. If it can be shown that Elysium acted in wanton disregard of this fact, a case can be made that they acted in bad faith because they knowingly booked Mr. Williams in the hotel knowing that he would be in the company of the 18-30 club people when he wanted peace and quiet. This goes into their claim that it was impossible for the hotel to accommodate his desire to be away from the noisy young people. If it can be shown that there were vacancies in the hotel and Mr. Williams knew about this, then there is a further showing of bad faith. My client Mr. Williams has a complaint that amounts to a breach of contract on the part of Elysium and Elite Travel. At issue here is that Mr. Williams reserved a two week vacation at Elysium based on the offer made by Elite Travel which promised certain conditions which were not met. Among the conditions breached was the offer of international cuisine and an Olympic size swimming pool. The cuisine was described by Mr. Williams as â€Å"junk food† and the Olympic-size swimming pool was always closed because the 18-30 Club patrons kept rendering it unusable. The attitude of management at Elysium further aggravated Mr. Williams because the resort was unwilling to accommodate his

Sample of Detailed Job Description of Health Care Assistant Essay Example for Free

Sample of Detailed Job Description of Health Care Assistant Essay In the morning the role of the Healthcare Assistant is to assist the Nursing Staff in the delivery of Patients care , under the supervision of Clinical Nurse Manager and Staff Nurse. Before handling the clients Health Care Assistant under Inspection and Prevention Control by Washing or Disinfecting hands must be follow. Health Care Assistant will assist the client during bathing, showering, shaving, dressing and undressing in bed and in the bathroom under the supervision of the Nurse. Privacy and Dignity must be respected and full Independence are implemented in all clients and those not able. Health Care Assistant will help the Nurse to serve clients breakfast and to feed those who are helpless, under the supervision of the Nurse. Privacy and Dignity must taken place and full Independence must be delivered to the clients. Health Care Assistant will follow individual patients dietary needs are adhered including special diets and give supplementary drinks under the direction of the Nursing Staff. Health Care Assistant will assist the Nurse in bed making. Health Care Assistant will collect dirty sheets, duvet covers, bed covers and patients dirty cloths under the guidelines of Linen Management/Disposal put them to their respective laundry bag for porter to be collected. Health Care Assistant will answer bell calls and assist patients who are confined to bed with their toilet needs under the supervision of the Nurse. Health Care Assistant will assist in toileting of patients including the giving, removing and emptying of bedpans, urinals, commodes under the supervision of the Nurse. Health Care Assistant will clean and disinfect bedpans, urinals, commodes, hoist, shower seats and trolleys under the guidelines of Infection control and Prevention. Guidelines of Infection and Prevention control must be follow. Health Care Assistant will tidy bathrooms, sluices and toilets. Mop up spillages on the floors under the guidelines of Waste Management/Disposal. Disposed of soiled linen in water soluble bag securely and seal place it in white canvas bag for transfer to hospital sluicing department. Pack soiled woolens in separate water soluble bags place it in blue plastic bag for laundry. Health Care Assistant will serve dinner to patients at 1 o’clock and feed those are helpless under the supervision of the Nurse. Monitor patients intake to avoid choking. Clean and wash if necessary bed-tables and lockers. Remove rubbish etc. Health Care Assistant will answer call bells and report request to Nursing staff. Health Care Assistant will assist in toileting of patients including the giving, removing and emptying of bedpans, urinals, commodes under the supervision of the Nurse. Always maintain privacy and dignity towards patients. Answer telephone calls and locate appropriate personnel, as required. Health Care Assistant if necessary will assist with the transport of patients in the wards or transfer patients to other departments as required under the supervision of the Line Manager or Nurse in Charge. Health Care Assistant during Admission, transfer or discharge list patients property under the supervision of the nurse in charge. Health Care Assistant will serve tea and feed those who are helpless. Health Care Assistant will assist the patients back to bed under the supervision of the Nurse. Always maintain privacy,dignity and respect to patients. Remember, patients has the right to refuse. Remove uniform and disinfect hands before leaving the ward. 2/2 As a night Healthcare Assistant the role is to assist the night Nurse in the delivery of the the Patients care, under the supervision of the night Superintendent. Collect dishes and wash them. Ensure that kitchen are keep tidy and locked at all times. Answer call bells and report request to nurse on duty. Assist patients those who wants to go to the toilet or offer bedpans and commodes to those who needs before bed. Assist patients back to bed. Always maintain privacy, dignity and respect at all times. Remember patients has the right to refuse. Assist patients and ensure that call bells are working properly at patients reach. Ensure all doors and windows are lock and all Fire exit doors are clear with no obstruction. Monitor patients at all times, ensure that patients are in safe and in comfortable way. Emptying and disinfects commodes, urinal bottles and bedpans after use. Be alert at all times. Ensure safety and security of all the patients at night. Answer call bells and report request to nurse on duty. Incontinence patients are more likely to be wet at night.Ensure they are dry at all times. Change pad and linen if necessary under the supervision of the night Nurse on duty. Always maintain privacy, dignity and respect towards patients.

Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and W.B. Yeats :: Biography Biographies Essays

Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and W.B. Yeats    Elizabeth Barrett-Browning and W.B. Yeats, examined together in the same sitting are as different as the Victorian and Post-Modernist eras they emerged from, yet they were both independent thinkers of their time.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Browning, born in 1806 before Victorianism came into full play, was celebrated as a woman poet but also quite conformist to the Victorian movement in some regards.   Browning did make use of her family's money to "give herself an exceptional education"   (1858) and she thought outside of traditional lines in regards to gender roles for women as in her poem "Aurora Leigh".   In this poem, the narrator is a woman which is unusual for that era "Place your fecund heart in mine, and let us blossom for the world"   (1877).   It was unusual in the Victorian era - to consider that women added anything substantial to a marriage relationship.   Browning was definitely independent in her thinking and in her personal life - defying her father by eloping with Robert Browning late in life   (1859).        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are other elements of her poetry that are fairly conformist to the Victorian age.   Her poem "Sonnets from the Portugese" describes a courtship that is prudent and in keeping with Victorian age.   This form of a sonnet was taken from Shakespeare's style, yet another element of Browning stepping into territory formerly only occupied by men   (1859).        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   W.B. Yeats, influenced in large part by his free-thinking father, became just that   (2322).   Yeats poetry contains elements of the mysticism that he studied, whether the double worded meaning of "The Second Coming" or the reference to Spiritus Mundi in that poem, Yeats defied the religious conformist thinking prevalent at the end of the Victorian era..   In his poem, "Sailing to Byzantium", Yeats takes on the narrative voice of an old man, sailing away from his "homeland" to Byzantium, where old men stand in "God's holy fire"   (2332).   This reference to Byzantium, a city of the Roman empire, would not have been considered "holy" by traditional religious thinking.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yeats borrows from Greek mythology in "Leda and the Swan" and puts words to a sexually explicit tale of a swan raping a girl   (2337).

Crime Prevention Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Kids Being Charged with Felonies†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A felony is a crime in which the convicted may receive more than a year in prison for their actions. The paper that you are about to read is going to explore some of the issues about kids being charged with felonies. We will also examine some of the issues of how this is portrayed in our news media today. Furthermore, I will offer my opinion, on how kids being charged with felonies could be a positive step in the right direction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is real that in America today we have asked our kids to grow up at an alarming rate. There has been no other time in history that children are asked to be mature enough to handle adult situations with regularity. Many of the past generations just did what their parents told them to do. Mow the lawn, clean their bedroom, and maybe some household chores and so on. In today’s society we’re asking our youth to watch their younger siblings. We also ask them to use potentially dangerous technology at a mature level. Keep in mind that some adults can’t even use technology responsibly! Since we want them to grow up quickly we have to expect that they are going to make adult mistakes especially with the actual maturity level. Is it safe to say that some kids do something that wasn’t meant to be so harmful, and as it would turn out be so detrimental to their lives? When they do make a mistake should we give them adult punishments?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I start in Atlanta, Georgia where two girls baked a cake with glue in the batter and fed it to their fellow classmates. The two thirteen yr. old girls could be charged with up to twelve counts of assault. (CNN 11-19-04) It is situations like this were two girls could be in jail for a long time just because they were trying to pull off a prank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Santee, California Charles Andre Williams, a student that was made fun of on a frequent basis brings a gun to school and gets off thirty rounds. The result was a death of another student. Williams had told several people the weekend before including an adult that he was planning to kill someone at school, but no one took him seriously. (CNN 3-8-2001) Again we ask students to make mature decisions, but it isn’t what we had in mind. The number of stories goes on and on including the King brothers who killed... ... juveniles. Hopefully someday we will come up with a positive solution that works. Until that day we can only hope that the fast maturing children of the world will mature enough to understand that nobody can just do whatever they want. There will always be consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reference   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Legon, Jeordan â€Å"Student hacks school, erases class files†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CNN-6/11/2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Girls charged over sickening cake†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CNN-11/19/2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"An epidemic of violence†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CNN-3/8/2001   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"King Brothers get reduced jail sentences†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CNN-11/14/2002   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"School Shooting suspect to face attempted murder charge†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CNN-3/23/2001

Google Generates Revenue Essay

Explain how Google generates revenue and identify future levels of revenue given some of the risk factors are for future revenue generation. Google generates the bulk of its revenue from its advertisers and a relatively small portion from enterprise search products like Google Mini. Google uses the pay per click cost basis which is an advertising model used to direct traffic to websites. The advertisers pay Google when the ad is clicked and according to analyst about 25% of searches results in an ad click. Google future levels of revenue include Google Audio Ads which are ads placed in radio programs. Google print ads which as the names suggest are ads placed by Google in printed material like magazines and newspapers. Google TV ads follow the same idea by putting ads in television commercials. Google Video Ads is a revolutionary concept where Google get paid when users click to play video ads. These stream of income come in stark comparison to the risk factors when because all of the risks are geared to stop ads. Ad blocking technology would affect Goggles result especially since this technology has existed for quite some time. Another factor that Google should seriously consider is the Index spammers harming the integrity of the search results. Spam is a nuisance and just like with email Google will have to develop some type of spam blocker to keep from alienating their customer base. Discuss the extent to which SOA will reduce reliance on a single provider of enterprise software and increase flexibility in deploying new applications and functionality. SOA will reduce reliance on a single provider and increase flexibility by leveling the playing field of sorts. The concept is to automate the business process that run across different IT systems. Usually different companies will set up their IT functions completely different from one another. This is understandable because every business has different technological needs. SOA has the ability to automate business processes that run across different IT systems and provide the option of tying them together. This would make working with a project that spans several businesses across the country not only feasible but affordable. This will increase flexibility and functionality when deploying new applications because the system will be able to instantly talk to each other even if they handle a different aspect of the business. Ideally this would be a seamless transition causing a more cost effect use of time and resources.